000211313 001__ 211313
000211313 005__ 20210122075114.0
000211313 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.22004/ag.econ.211313
000211313 037__ $$a614-2016-40847
000211313 041__ $$aeng
000211313 245__ $$aObserved and projected climatic changes, their impacts and adaptation options for Sri Lanka: a review
000211313 260__ $$c2010
000211313 269__ $$a2010
000211313 300__ $$app.99-117
000211313 336__ $$aConference Paper/ Presentation
000211313 500__ $$aIn Evans, Alexandra; Jinapala, K. (Eds). Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 2. Water quality, environment and climate change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
000211313 520__ $$aClimate is changing world-wide, and the science community in Sri Lanka has come up with ample evidence to suggest that the country’s climate has already changed. During 1961-1990 the country’s mean air temperature increased by 0.016 0C per year, and the mean annual rainfall decreased by 144 mm (7 %) compared to the period 1931-1960. In addition, mean annual daytime maximum and mean annual night-time minimum air temperatures increased. However, the bigger question of national importance is what Sri Lanka’s climate will look like in 50 or 100 years and how prepared is the country to face it. Apart from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections at the coarse global scale, few studies have attempted to project future climate scenarios for Sri Lanka and to identify climate change impacts on agriculture, water resources, the sea level, the plantation sector, the economy and health. Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change are the least studied areas. This paper reviews the status of climate change research and activities in Sri Lanka with respect to future climate projections, impacts, climate change mitigation and the country’s ability to adapt, and identifies existing knowledge gaps. Messages emerging from this review suggest that Sri Lanka’s mean temperature during the North-East (December-February) and South-West (May-September) monsoon seasons will increase by about 2.9 0C and 2.5 0C, respectively, over the baseline (1961-1990), by the year 2100 with accompanying changes in the quantity and spatial distribution of rainfall. Extreme climate events are expected to increase in frequency. These changes will bring about widespread impacts on the country’s agriculture and economy For example, an increase of 0.5 0C in temperature can reduce rice yield by approximately 6%; extended dry spells and excessive cloudiness during the wet season can reduce coconut yield resulting in annual losses between $32 and $73 million to the economy. Pilot studies in the Galle District suggest that sea level rise could inundate about 20 % of the land area of Galle’s coastal District Secretariat Divisions. Adaptation measures already undertaken in the agriculture sector include the development of low water consuming rice varieties and the use of micro-irrigation technologies. Tools have been developed for predicting seasonal water availability within the Mahaweli Scheme and annual national coconut production. However, Sri Lanka is yet to undertake a comprehensive national study on the vulnerability of her water resources and agriculture to climate change. The formulation of detailed and reliable future climate scenarios for the country is therefore, urgently required.
000211313 650__ $$aAgribusiness
000211313 6531_ $$aClimate change
000211313 6531_ $$aImpact assessment
000211313 6531_ $$aWater resources
000211313 6531_ $$aAgriculture
000211313 6531_ $$aAdaptation
000211313 6531_ $$aSri Lanka
000211313 700__ $$aEriyagama, Nishadi
000211313 700__ $$aSmakhtin, Vladimir
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000211313 887__ $$ahttp://purl.umn.edu/211313
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000211313 982__ $$gInternational Water Management Institute>IWMI Conference Proceedings