@article{Ibrahim:210024,
      recid = {210024},
      author = {Ibrahim, Soliman},
      title = {buffalo share in small farmer welfare under intensive  agricultural system: the case study of Egypt},
      address = {2013-05-06},
      number = {1860-2016-152971},
      series = {Conference: 10th World Buffalo Congress & 7th Asian  Buffalo Congress, 6-8 May,Hilton Phuket Arcadia Resort and  Spa,Thailand, Buffalo Bulletin 2013 Vol.32 (Special Issue  1): 132-140},
      pages = {9},
      month = {May},
      year = {2013},
      note = {Conference: 10th World Buffalo Congress & 7th Asian  Buffalo Congress, 6-8 May,Hilton Phuket Arcadia Resort and  Spa,Thailand, Buffalo Bulletin 2013 Vol.32 (Special Issue  1): 132-140},
      abstract = {The study focused on the share of buffalo in generating  income for small farm household, and its relation to  crossing the poverty line. Such farm category represents  the majority of farmers in the countries raising buffaloes  in Asia and Africa. The small farmers in Egypt are the  holders of less than 2 ha. Such category represents about  92% of the total agricultural holders. Even though, they  hold only less than 50% of agricultural area, 72% of cattle  and 87% of buffaloes. 10% of buffalo holders are without  agricultural land holding and 14% of cattle holders are  also without land holding. The study used a farm sample  survey of 120 small farms in rural Egypt to achieve its  objectives. The analysis of the sample survey data showed  that the average land holding of the small farmer is less  than 1 ha and the average household size is 5 persons. The  average buffaloes stock on farm is almost one head and its  followers. The main feed source is the cultivated winter  green fodder " Berseem, which occupies on the average about  25% of the farm land. While 62% of the farm managers are  fulltime males 20% are fulltime females. Whereas, 77% of  wives share in farm labor 56% of them share in livestock  operations. The estimated total annual income of small  farm's household is about US$ 4,170. Livestock generates  more than one third of this income, poultry share is 1%,  and crop income share is only 18%. i.e., around 52% of the  small farm income is generated by agricultural enterprises  .The rest, i.e. 48% is from off farm income. The sources of  off farm income are, 3% from off farm agricultural work,  40% regular salaries, 5% from remittance of the farmer's  work abroad. The study estimated the daily per capita  income per household as US$ 2.3, which just passes the  poverty line. Milking buffalo has a significant role in  alleviation of poverty that might face small farm  households. Without milking buffaloes holding on farm the  household would suffer from being significantly below the  poverty borders. To raise milk productivity is the proper  approach to increase the income generated by buffalo, once  there is no room for horizontal expansion. It requires an  (A.I.) program using imported semen of potential high milk  yield from e.g. Italy. Such program should be associated  with reform of the institutional framework in the Egyptian  village and establishment of an efficient marketing system,  modern animals' health care and a non conventional feed  regime.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/210024},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.210024},
}