@article{Yousuf:208342,
      recid = {208342},
      author = {Yousuf, M.A and Das, P.M and Anisuzzaman, B. and Banowary,  B.},
      title = {Gastro-intestinal helminths of ducks: Some Epidemiologic  and pathologic aspects},
      journal = {Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University},
      address = {2009},
      number = {452-2016-35461},
      pages = {7},
      year = {2009},
      abstract = {A total of 206 ducks were subjected to routine postmortem  examinations from July 2007 to June 2008. Of the ducks  examined, 167 (81.1 %) were infected by one/more species of  gastro-intestinal helminths. A total of ten species of  helminth parasites were recovered from gastrointestinal  tract, of which four species were trematodes namely:  Echinostoma revolutum, Notocotylus attenuatus, Hypoderaeum  conoideum and Echinoparyphium recurvatum; two were  nematodes, namely, Amidostomum anseris, Capillaria  contorta; two were cestodes, viz, Hymenolepis coronula and  Fimbriaria fasciolaris and two species belonged to  acanthocephala such as, Arythmorhynchus anser and  Filicollis anatis. Single double and mixed infections were  found in 78 (46.7%), 46 (27.5%) and 43 (25.8%) ducks,  respectively. Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth was  significantly (P<0.05) higher in female ducks (82.7 %) than  male ducks (77.6%). Ducks above six month to one year of  age were more affected (53.9%) than the ducks < 6 month  (15.0%) and > 1 year of age (31.1%). Helminth infection was  significantly (P<0.05) lower in rainy season (64.9%) in  contrast to summer (75.7 %) and winter season (91.1 %). In  heavy infections of E. revolutum haemorrhagic enteritis  were noticed and parasites were firmly attached with the  mucosa. E. recurvatum caused thickening of the serosal  surface of intestinal wall. N. attenuatus produced  catarrhal tryplitis characterized by thickening of the  villi and formation of oeosinophilic granulomas. Massive  infections with H. coronula produced inflammatory changes  in the small intestine. Grossly petechial haemorrhages to  ulcerative lesions were produced by A. anseris. In  proventriculus circular ulcerative and necrotic areas with  degeneration of the glandular tissues were seen. A. anser  was also found in between the horney and muscular layer of  the gizzard where they produced pin pointed haemorrhagic  lesions and in severe case parasites were embedded into the  mucosal layers of gizzard. For the control of helminths  infections mass deworming is necessary.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/208342},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.208342},
}