@article{Jorge:207074,
      recid = {207074},
      author = {Jorge, Diaz},
      title = {Public Transportation Challenges in America: What can we  Learn from Mid-Size Cities in Latin America?},
      address = {2012-03},
      number = {1431-2016-118731},
      pages = {19},
      year = {2012},
      abstract = {A “natural” consequence derived from personal income  growth has been car ownership growth, but as far as there  are some countries where this relation is not true, or at  least, it is not at the same ratio as most cities in the  USAa, we may go in depth analysis of the variables that  influences such different choices. At the end we want to  analyze how is car ownership and car use related to  “quality” of life, for this we will consider time spent on  daily traveling which then determines time available for  other activities that usually makes our life more  productive, as far as, we find more opportunities for  personal leisure, social life, education, family activities  and so on. Of course we know that time availability is not  the only variable to be considered important but to the  extent of this research it is. As a preliminary hypothesis,  we consider that there are some variables related to  consumer preferences on a broad range of goods which then  determines if buying a car is among the most valuable  options and on the other hand how is the built environment  related to transit and how is then perceived the quality of  the public transportation system. We consider from a  heuristic approach that the built environment which I  define as the Spatial Framework (SF) of the City and the  Transportation Facilities Framework (TFF) induce car  ownership, there ought to be some other variables that  influences consumer preferences but the chosen variables  are within our most immediate domain as Urban Planners. To  assess the built environment-related to-transit quality we  consider the following variables: a) Distance/Time, from  Home to Work. b) Train, Subway, and/or Bus Station (BRT)  distance from dwellings. c) Walkability around Main Origin  and Destination Places. To assess the quality of public  transportation we consider the following variables : a)  Multi-Modal Connectivity b) Park&Ride Availability c)  Non-Motorized Modes Availability We have chosen two cities  (Quito-Ecuador and Medellin-Colombia), with a population of  almost three million people, as case-study, and we will  outline similarities and differences between them so that  we can infer strategies focus on improving “quality” of  life, by lessen car ownership rate, or diminishing its use,  and at the same time, by improving transit modes, enhancing  Time Value. Of course, land use planning and density  management play a critical role too, for achieving  success.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/207074},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.207074},
}