@article{Tacconi:206488,
      recid = {206488},
      author = {Tacconi, Luca and Tisdell, Clem},
      title = {Aid for Village-based Rural Projects in LDCs: Experiences,  Project Appraisal and Selection, ACIAR and Giant Clam  Culture as a Case},
      address = {1991-03},
      number = {1743-2016-140765},
      series = {Research Reports in the Economics of Giant Clam  Mariculture},
      pages = {28},
      year = {1991},
      abstract = {Historically project aid has favoured urban and  infrastructure projects. Its benefits to rural dwellers (in  most LDCs, the majority of the population) seem to have  been minimal. In encouraging urbanisation, it has added to  urban environmental and development problems in LDCs.  Village-based rural projects have been neglected in  dispensing aid, it seems for a variety of reasons some of  which are identified here.
Apart from the above bias, most  project aid tends to be delivered on a top-down basis and  donors often treat aid for development projects  mechanically and simply as a means of delivering goods and  services. ‘Organic’ factors such as local needs, culture,  political considerations and the state of the natural  environment are frequently not taken into account by  donors. In the past, also little attention has been given  to the sustainability of benefits from projects. Expert  evaluation of large-scale development projects indicate  high rate of 'failure' in relation to target rates of  return and sustainability of returns. This may suggest that  other types of projects such as rural small-scale projects  are more desirable or that different techniques of project  appraisal and selection 	should be adopted. For instance,  techniques which take account of sustainability of returns  or methods of selection that involve input from the  village-level may be preferable.
Selection techniques such  as the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) are discussed and  particular attention is given to the suggestions of Pearce,  Markandya, Barbier (1989) of ways to extend CBA to take  account of sustainability factors in project  appraisal.
This is followed by a general discussion of the  role of project aid in promoting sustainable development in  the Pacific. The role of the Australian Centre for  International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) in promoting  rural based development via research is noted. By way of a  case study, particular attention is given to ACIAR's role  in developing and promoting giant clam (Tridacnid) culture  as a means of rural (coastal.) development.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/206488},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.206488},
}