This paper presents the spatial differentiation of productive potential in Polish agriculture. An analysis was made basing upon statistical data from Central Statistical Office, 2011. An author used the agglomerative method to make an assessment of productive potential differentiation level in Polish agriculture regarding regions with separation of four typological groups characterizing with different productive potential. Two Polish regions: Opole and Wielkopolska were in group with the highest productive potential but the regions of South-Eeastern Poland were in group characterizing with the lowest productive potential in agriculture.