@article{Foltz:201548,
      recid = {201548},
      author = {Foltz, Jeremy D. and Barham, Bradford L. and Kwansoo, Kim},
      title = {Synergies of Tradeoffs in University Life Science  Research},
      address = {2003},
      number = {1803-2016-142559},
      series = {FSWP},
      pages = {36},
      year = {2003},
      abstract = {The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, key court decisions, and  several breakthrough process
technologies, paved the way  for a period of remarkable growth in the patenting of  life
science research by U.S. universities in the 1980s and  1990s. Using a multiple-output
cost framework and panel  data on 96 universities over two decades this article  examines
whether economies of scope and/or scale are  present in university production of three
major life  science research outputs: journal articles, patents, and  doctorates. The results
show strong evidence of significant  economies of scope between articles and patents  and
economies of scale in article and patent production,  suggesting that larger universities
have distinct cost  advantages in the production of high quality research  outputs.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/201548},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.201548},
}