Using the evaluation indicator system for arable land fertility in Suiping County, this paper analyzes some factors influencing agricultural production, such as physical and chemical properties of soil, site conditions, soil management, and soil nutrients concerning various types of low-yielding fields in the county. In accordance with the dominant soil constraint factors and main direction of improvement, the low-yielding fields in the county are divided into four types: irrigation improvement type, waterlogging drainage type, barren soil fertilization and barrier layer type. Finally this paper offers specific guidance on the construction of arable land.