@article{Lingard:197287,
      recid = {197287},
      author = {Lingard, J. and Wicks, J. A.},
      title = {Impact of Mechanizing Small Scale Rice Production in the  Philippines, Indonesia, and Thailand: Some Empirical  Evidence},
      address = {1983},
      number = {990-2016-77462},
      pages = {6},
      year = {1983},
      abstract = {Agricultural mechanization has brought far reaching  changes in farming
structure in all developed countries,  and its effects are now beginning to be felt
in many  developing countries. Within the former, mechanization has  been
associated with increasing farm size, migration of  labour out of farming, and the
development of agriculture  as a specialized commercial activity. New inputs  of
improved quality have been developed, modern management  practices adopted,
and machinery inputs (capital) have  substantially substituted for labour and
animal power  inputs. The impact of farm mechanization results from  its
interaction with the institutional structure of  agriculture, however, and
introduction to the developing  countries will not necessarily result in  similar
adjustments. Indeed, one might argue that it is the  duty of the developing
countries to intervene and modify  the impact of mechanization.
Before such intervention,  however, it is necessary to understand the effects  of
mechanization on factors such as output, labour demand,  and cropping intensity.
Equity considerations require an  assessment of the impact on farm earnings, as
well as the  income effect~ on landless labourers. The problem is one  of
disentangling cause from effect and distinguishing  between the factors which
cause change and those which  merely provide the means. One view of
mechanization holds  that it is directly output increasing; another that it  has
little effect. This is an empirical issue and results  are likely to be site specific.
Farm structures,  land:labour ratios, tenure patterns, soils, prices,  irrigation
networks, and institutional arrangements vary  from site to site, and will both
shift the underlying  production function and shape the behaviour of farmers.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/197287},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.197287},
}