000197129 001__ 197129 000197129 005__ 20210819132336.0 000197129 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.22004/ag.econ.197129 000197129 037__ $$a988-2016-77399 000197129 041__ $$aeng 000197129 245__ $$aAgricultural Pricing Policies in Developed and Developing Countries: Their Effects on Efficiency, Distribution, and Rural Change 000197129 260__ $$c1981 000197129 269__ $$a1981 000197129 300__ $$a4 000197129 336__ $$aConference Paper/ Presentation 000197129 520__ $$aAgriculture is the main source of food for the world, and food is the basic input in the daily sustenance of humans. Yet, in many parts of the world there is insufficient food, which in turn implies inadequate agricultural output. The reasons for inadequate agricultural production are many and varied, ranging from poor distribution and poor production techniques to political intervention at various levels in the global agricultural complex. The most important reason for deficie.nt agricultural output is difficult to ascertain, but Schultz (1977) left no doubt as to his ranking of the causes. He suggested that the level of agricultural production depends not so much on technical considerations, but in large measure "on what governments do to agriculture." Schultz has long been the most ardent and eloquent spokesman of this position. See, for example, Schultz, 1964, 1977, and 1978. Export taxes on agricultural products provide government revenue and keep domesitc prices low, product price supports in developed countries maintain farm incomes and provide surpluses which in turn find their way to developing country markets to further depress domestic farm prices, and agricultural inputs are frequently either taxed or subsidized. Yet, the magnitude of these effects on agricultural output, income distribution between producers and consumers, efficiency, and on rural-urban migration is often not fully appreciated. This paper discusses government intervention in agricultural price determination, drawing on welfare theory to quantify the economic impacts on the previously mentioned variables. In this study, we examine France, Federal Republic of Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, Yugoslavia, Argentina, Egypt, Pakistan, and Thailand. The general theme of the paper is that the agricultural policies pursued by developing countries produce effects which are diametrically opposite to those produced by the policies of many developed countries, and that the policies of both are costly in terms of global welfare. Peterson addresses the developing country side of this question in a somewhat different manner. 000197129 546__ $$aEnglish 000197129 650__ $$aAgricultural and Food Policy 000197129 650__ $$aCommunity/Rural/Urban Development 000197129 650__ $$aInternational Development 000197129 700__ $$aBale, Malcolm D. 000197129 700__ $$aLutz, Ernst 000197129 773__ $$q187$$o190 000197129 8564_ $$91fd9cd71-b8e2-464d-8d75-0bd3128482a4$$s327171$$uhttps://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/197129/files/agecon-occpapers-1981-053_1_.pdf 000197129 887__ $$ahttp://purl.umn.edu/197129 000197129 909CO $$ooai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:197129$$pGLOBAL_SET 000197129 912__ $$nSubmitted by Allison Hasslen (hassl020@umn.edu) on 2015-01-22T21:44:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 agecon-occpapers-1981-053[1].pdf: 327171 bytes, checksum: a8f70daf576baaa0cdb4ae892d836835 (MD5) 000197129 912__ $$nMade available in DSpace on 2015-01-22T21:44:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 agecon-occpapers-1981-053[1].pdf: 327171 bytes, checksum: a8f70daf576baaa0cdb4ae892d836835 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1981 000197129 913__ $$aLicense granted by Allison Hasslen (hassl020@umn.edu) on 2015-01-22T21:42:14Z (GMT): <center> <h2> Deposit Agreement </h2> </center> I represent that I am the creator of the digital material identified herein (&ldquo;Work&rdquo;). I represent that the work is original and that I either own all rights of copyright or have the right to deposit the copy in a digital archive such as AgEcon Search. I represent that in regard to any non-original material included in the Work I have secured written permission of the copyright owner (s) for this use or believe this use is allowed by law. I further represent that I have included all appropriate credits and attributions. I hereby grant the Regents of the University of Minnesota (&ldquo;University&rdquo;), through AgEcon Search, a non-exclusive right to access, reproduce, and distribute the Work, in whole or in part, for the purposes of security, preservation, and perpetual access. I grant the University a limited, non-exclusive right to make derivative works for the purpose of migrating the Work to other media or formats in order to preserve access to the Work. I do not transfer or intend to transfer any right of copyright or other intellectual property to the University. If the Deposit Agreement is executed by the Author�s Representative, the Representative shall separately execute the following representation: I represent that I am authorized by the Author to execute this Deposit Agreement on behalf of the Author. 000197129 980__ $$a988 000197129 982__ $$gInternational Association of Agricultural Economists>1981 Occasional Paper Series No. 2