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Abstract
A farm financial model with leverage and investment in two farm enterprises is specified. The model is extended to
incorporate futures hedging and the Separation Theorem is used to show that optimal hedging is zero. The assumption of a
risk-free asset is relaxed and, while this leads to a violation of the Separation Theorem, the result that optimal hedging is zero
is maintained providing that futures markets are efficient. It is concluded that if capital markets are efficient then farmers will
have little interest in futures markets except to speculate.© 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.