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Abstract
The intention of the present paper is to evaluate the role of telecommunications within the contexts of rural development in
general and of poverty reduction in particular. Bangladesh has been selected as a case study due to the uniqueness it displayed
in an innovative program for expanded telecom infrastructure, in which Grameen Bank (GB) of Bangladesh, the village-based
micro-finance organisation, leased cellular mobile phones to successful members. GB calls these phones village pay phones
(VPPs). The effects ofVPPs are assessed from two angles: sellers of services (telephone lessees/owners) and buyers of services
(villagers). The findings of the study lead to two basic conclusions: first, pursuance of pragmatic policies can turn telephones
into production goods, especially through lowering transaction costs, and second, the services originating from telephones in
villages are likely to deliver (even) more benefits to the poor than to the non-poor. The VPPs also seem to have perceptible and
positive effects on the empowerment and social status of phone-leasing women and their households. For villagers in general,
phones offer additional non-economic benefits such as improved law enforcement, more rapid and effective communications
during disasters, stronger kinship bonding, etc. GB's style of managing communications can help significantly to expand
access to this vital information input for all segments of the population, reduce inequality and thus enhance the broad-based,
pro-poor orientation of rural development activities.© 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.