@article{Brennan:172346,
      recid = {172346},
      author = {Brennan, John P.},
      title = {Spillover Effects of International Agricultural Research:  CIMMYT-based Semi-Dwarf Wheats in Australia},
      journal = {Agricultural Economics: The Journal of the International  Association of Agricultural Economists},
      address = {1989-12},
      number = {968-2016-75679},
      pages = {10},
      year = {1989},
      abstract = {The spillover effects of agricultural research are of  interest because research-induced supply
shifts in  non-target regions can reduce the benefits for producers in  the target regions. The introduction
of semi-dwarfing genes  in wheat into Australia provides an example of spillover  from the
CIMMYT program. Australia's wheat-growing  environments were not those for which the CIMMYT
material  was specifically targeted. However, some of these lines  were introduced into Australia
and used in breeding  programs to produce important supply shifts in Australia.  An examination
is made of the effects that the spillover  had in Australia.
Using an index of varietal improvement,  with its attendant qualifications, an estimate of  the
extent of that shift resulting from the CIMMYT -based  varieties was obtained. While the extent
varied widely  between states, the shift was found to be between 0.2 and  7.7%, with an overall
average for Australia of 3.5% by  1983. On the basis of an assumption of perfectly elastic  export
demand for Australian wheat, the estimated total  cost savings to Australian producers were US$747
million  (in 1983-84 dollars) for the period 1974 to 1983, or an  average ofUS$75 million per year.
The annual contribution  of Australia to CIMMYT has averaged approximately  US$340,000 in
recent years, while the average annual  expenditure on wheat breeding in Australia has been US$4
to  5 million. On the basis of pedigrees, approximately  two-thirds of the cost savings of CIMMYTbased
varieties  could be attributed to CIMMYT per se, with the remaining  one-third attributable
to the inputs of the Australian  wheat breeders.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/172346},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.172346},
}