@article{Pasadilla:165849,
      recid = {165849},
      author = {Pasadilla, Gloria O. and Liao, Christine Marie},
      title = {Non-Tariff Measures Faced by Philippine Agricultural  Exports in East Asia},
      journal = {Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development},
      address = {2006-12},
      number = {1362-2016-107614},
      pages = {24},
      year = {2006},
      abstract = {Many consider non-tariff measures (NTMs) as another  protectionist stratagem to prevent exports, especially of  agriculture, from developing countries. Philippine  exporters seem to be taking things in stride, however. The  estimated cost of less than 3% of sales borne by a  Philippine food exporter due to compliance with  certification requirements is less than three percent of  sales—relatively insignificant. However, the increased cost  from NTMs can adversely affect small-scale industries and  exporters that sell products to low-margin foreign markets.  The paper also traces the Philippine export products  affected by non-tariff measures imposed by East Asian  markets. In all, the NTMs of Japan, Korea, and China affect  a total of US$98 million of Philippine agriculture exports  to these markets, or 2% to 22% of Philippine agricultural  exports in these three countries.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/165849},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.165849},
}