Affected by the meteorological disasters and market fluctuations, the growing area, yield and quality of cotton in Shandong Province have been reduced to varying degrees in recent years. The majority of farmers are regarded as the main body of agricultural production, whose enthusiasm for growing cotton and confidence in the cotton market play a significant role in stabilizing the growing area and improving the quality of cotton. We randomly select the cotton farmers for in-depth interview, to understand the situation of cotton cultivation and their state of mind for growing, aimed at deriving the factors influencing farmers' willingness to grow cotton. In the future, it is necessary to make the best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages, and in a timely manner curb the decline of cotton cultivation in the process of guiding and encouraging the cotton cultivation, in order to solve the problems of low farmers' willingness to grow cotton and sluggish cotton industry from the root.