@article{Hao:160429,
      recid = {160429},
      author = {Hao, Can Liu and Mullan, Katrina and Rong, Qingjiao and  Zhu, Wenqing},
      title = {Have the Key Priority Forestry Programs Really Impacted on  China’s Rural Household Income},
      address = {2013-08},
      number = {1221-2016-98597},
      series = {PIERI},
      pages = {34},
      year = {2013},
      abstract = {We use a large unique household panel data set spanning 16  years to estimate the impacts of
three major Chinese forest  conservation and reforestation programs on household  incomes. The
programs are the most significant of China’s  Key Priority Forestry Programs, namely the Sloping
Land  Conversion Program (the SLCP), the Natural Forest  Protection Program (the NFPP), and the
Desertification  Combating Program around Beijing and Tianjin (the DCBT).  Cluster effects with
county and environment factors have  been estimated by using year dummy variables. Fixed
model  with cluster effects has been used. In addition to  estimating the total impacts of the
programs, individually  and in combination, we disaggregate the effects by income  source, stage
of policy implementation, and duration of  participation. We find minimal effects on total  incomes
from the programs overall, which are quiet  different with other research empirical results, .but  the
more detailed results show that the initial stages of  the programs, and the early years of
participation had  negative or neutral effects on land-based incomes, while in  more recent years,
impacts have improved, and in some cases  become positive.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/160429},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.160429},
}