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Abstract
Costs involved in double-bottoms (tandem trailers) and TOFC (trailer-on-flatcar;
piggyback) were modeled and compared with conventional over-the-road transport of
bulk milk from northern Vermont in single trailers. Both modes were found to be both
cost-effective and fuel-sparing alternatives to conventional transport.
Since the study' s completion, although not as a direct result of it, two shippers have
adopted these innovations . One of them (using double-bottoms) has budgeted savings
even larger than those claimed in our study.