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Abstract
Objetivou-se mensurar economicamente os custos internos da área
de produção de soja no cerrado piauiense, sob os sistemas de plantio direto e
convencional, causados pelo processo de erosão, nas safras de 2000/2001 e de
2007/2008. O procedimento metodológico centrou-se no levantamento
bibliográfico e estatístico de dados secundários e na aplicação do método do
custo de reposição de nutrientes, no intuito de verificar qual o impacto
econômico da degradação do solo na região. Por meio da pesquisa constatou-se
que, em ambos os períodos de safras e sistemas de plantios analisados, os custos
de reposição foram expressivos, representando, em média, 2,9% do valor total
da produção de soja. Na safra 2000/2001, os custos por hectare foram de R$
22,96 e R$ 21,93 para os plantios convencional e direto, respectivamente. Para
a safra 2007/2008, os custos foram de R$ 22,40 e R$ 21,20, respectivamente.
Portanto, esta configuração explicitou a relativa estabilidade do valor da perda
de solo no período de análise, haja vista apresentar reduzido decréscimo na
safra 2007/2008. Logo, inferiu-se que o uso do sistema de plantio direto no
cultivo de soja no cerrado piauiense não somente proporcionou vantagens
econômicas, mas, sobretudo, contribuiu para a sustentabilidade do
agroecossistema......The present article aimed to measure the economic costs of the
domestic production soybean area in the cerrado (one type of vegetation in
Brazil) of Piauí, in the systems of conventional and tillage, caused by the process
of erosion in the 2000/2001 and 2007/2008 seasons. It analyzes the historical
process of international integration of the Brazilian economy through the
primary-exporting model, emphasizing the intensive use of natural resources
as factor of competitiveness, characterized by the occupation and use of Brazilian
cerrado and based on the soybean production and examined the consequences
and risks to the biome arising from that process. The methodological procedure
focused on the literature review and statistical from secondary data and the
application of the replacement cost of nutrients method, to verify the economic
impact of soil degradation in the region. Through the research, it was found
that in both periods of crop and planting systems analyzed, costs of replacement
were significant, representing, on average, 2.9 percent of the total soybean
production. In the 2000/2001 season, the cost per hectare was 22.96 reais and
21.93 reais for conventional tillage and direct planting, respectively. While in
the 2007/2008 crop, harvest costs were 22.40 reais and 21.20 reais, respectively.
Therefore, this configuration explained the relative stability of the value of the
loss of land during the period under review, once having presented low decrease
in the 2007/2008 season. Therefore, it is inferred that the use of the system of
tillage in the soybean planting in the cerrado of Piauí not only has economic
advantages, but above all, has contributed to the sustainability of the agro
ecosystem.