@article{Hanley:140543,
      recid = {140543},
      author = {Hanley,   Nick and Kirkpatrick,   Hilary and Oglethorpe,    David and Simpson,   Ian},
      title = {ECOLOGICAL ECONOMIC MODELLING OF THE CONSERVATION OF  THREATENED HABITATS: HEATHER MOORLAND IN THE NORTHERN ISLES  OF SCOTLAND},
      address = {1995-02},
      number = {1760-2016-141566},
      series = {Series No. 95-4},
      pages = {28},
      year = {1995},
      abstract = {This paper describes the results of an ecological-economic  modelling exercise of the
management of a scarce habitat,  namely heather moor/and. The Orkney Islands of Scotland  are
used to illustrate a modelling approach which could be  easily applied elsewhere, and to other
habitats. We  describe the evolution and present condition of heather  moorland on Orkney, then
quantify the extent on  over-grazing (leading to ecological damage) on a spatial  basis. This is
accomplished using a model of heather  utilisation and heather productivity. Critical  grazing
limits are then used as constraints in an economic  model of farm production decisions, which
enables us /0  quantify the minimum necessary compensation payments which  farmers should be
offered to off\'et income losses due to  grazing restrictions. Such a policy is in line with  European
Union and UK agri-environmental policy, which  typically uses payments for income foregone
as a means of  persuading farmers to protect environmental quality_},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/140543},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.140543},
}