@article{Kyle:127312,
      recid = {127312},
      author = {Kyle, Steven C.},
      title = {The Shadow Economy in Post-Soviet Tajikistan},
      address = {2002-09},
      number = {642-2016-43853},
      series = {WP},
      pages = {24},
      year = {2002},
      abstract = {The existence of a “shadow economy” which is defined here  as economic activity which is unrecorded in official  statistics and hence not subject to normal taxation and  regulation, is a phenomenon which has been much studied in  both western industrial countries and in post- Soviet era  countries of Eastern Europe and the former USSR. This paper  provides rough estimates of the lower bound of the size of  the unofficial economy in Tajikistan, the poorest of the  former Soviet Republics. Using a household survey, base  year estimates for 1999 are obtained. A series from 1991 to  2001 is constructed using a variant of the methodologies  contained in Johnson, Kaufman and Zoido-Lobaton (1998) and  Eilat & Zinnes (2000). It is found that shadow activities  are likely to amount to close to half of all economic  activities over the past decade, and that official GDP  figures, which themselves contain an arbitrary adjustment  for the value of shadow activities, are understated by a  wide margin.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/127312},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.127312},
}