@article{Vandeplas:126892,
      recid = {126892},
      author = {Vandeplas, Anneleen and Minten, Bart and Swinnen, Johan  F.M.},
      title = {Multinationals versus cooperatives:  The income and  efficiency effects of supply chain governance in India},
      address = {2012},
      number = {1007-2016-79722},
      pages = {43},
      year = {2012},
      abstract = {The impact of multinational firms on the domestic  agricultural sector in developing countries is  controversial, in particular in India. Relying on a unique  set of household-level data from the state of Punjab, we  study the biggest dairy company in the world (Nestlé) in  India and compare its vertical spillover effects on  upstream suppliers to other market channels (informal  sector and cooperatives). We find that farmers that supply  informal channels are less efficient and earn less profits  per dairy animal than farmers supplying the cooperative and  the multinational sector. Further, we find that farmers in  the multinational channel are more efficient than farmers  in the cooperative channel, but equally profitable. Hence,  we do not find that supplying the cooperative channel is  more beneficial for local dairy farmers than supplying the  multinational channel. Overall, however, dairy productivity  and profitability levels are still dramatically low, with  tremendous scope for dairy development.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/126892},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.126892},
}