The purpose of this paper is to make a quantitative analysis of the rural domestic solid wastes discharge volume, structure and Determinants. The data comes from one large field survey in 6 provinces in China, The results show that, in 2010, the discharge volume of rural domestic solid wastes was 236 million tons. Policy factors and socio-economic conditions significantly influence the discharge volume of rural domestic solid waste. The implementation of certain policies can significantly reduce the discharge volume. The relationship between discharge volume and income per capita shows an obvious inverted U-shaped curve.