This Keynote Address gives a high-level overview of the issues of social and economic development facing the region. Markets have played a significant role in advancing economic and social development in developing Asia, in terms of structural transformation as economies move from agrarian and small scale economies. Structure and forms of markets also have evolved. Asia’s agriculture and food systems revolution is one of the most illustrative examples. Moving ahead, a continuing strategic concern is about making markets work in the public policy interest of inclusive and sustainable growth.