@article{Huang:125215,
      recid = {125215},
      author = {Huang, Jikun and Yang, Jun and Yang, WenQian},
      title = {Trade and Economic Implications of Low Level Presence and  Asynchronous Authorizations of Agricultural Biotechnology  Varieties:  A Case Study in China},
      address = {2012},
      number = {1007-2016-79743},
      pages = {37},
      year = {2012},
      abstract = {China has a biosafety regulatory framework in place for  both domestic GM crop commercialization and imports. China  imported about four times as many soybeans as it produced  domestically in 2010 and is also expected to become a major  importer of maize in the near future. Both China’s soybean  and maize imports are dominated by GM varieties, with most  soybean imported from the US, Brazil and Argentina and  maize imported mainly from the US.

China’s import approval  process takes on average 2-3 years, and can only commence  when a submitter for import approval has already received  full regulatory approval in their country of origin,  resulting in significant asynchronicity (for maize, for  example, only 11 out of some 29 GM events authorized in the  US had been approved in China by late 2010). The China  paper indicates that trade disruptions due to China’s zero  threshold approach to LLP could result in a slight increase  in domestic maize price and large rise in soybean price,  with knock-on effects on the livestock sector and overall  social welfare, and also have repercussions in the export  markets.

The paper also points out that although China has  commercialized several GM crops and has a significant  number in the research and regulatory pipeline, it has so  far not opted to seek approval of its GM crop events in any  foreign country. This could lead to trade disruptions  affecting Chinese rice exports, although these exports are  declining, but also growing exports of processed rice  products.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/125215},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.125215},
}