@article{Thiemann:123840,
      recid = {123840},
      author = {Thiemann, Franziska and Fleming, Euan M. and Mueller, Rolf  A.E.},
      title = {Impact of information and communication technology (ICT)  on international trade in fruit and vegetables: A gravity  model approach},
      address = {2012},
      number = {1007-2016-79448},
      pages = {14},
      year = {2012},
      abstract = {Globalization results when markets become more integrated  because of reduced transaction and transport costs. These  costs have fallen because of sustained advances in  transport technology and, more dramatically, in digital  information and communication technology (ICT). Although  communication costs tend to be a minor component of total  trading costs, reductions in these costs may strongly  stimulate international trade. The empirical evidence in  support of this effect is, however, scant and its strength  may depend on the composition of ICT and the nature of the  product being traded. We test the hypothesis of an ICT  effect on trade in bananas, oranges, tomatoes, and  vegetables and fruit in general. We employ a gravity model  of international trade between major exporting and  importing countries for the period 1995 to 2009. The model  explains the value of trade in terms of export and import  countries’ levels of internet and mobile phone penetration,  and of a broad range of factors that might also affect  bilateral trade. We test whether a fixed effects model or  random effects model best suits the data; results suggest a  fixed effects model is appropriate. 
Model results suggest  that mobile phone penetration significantly stimulates  trade in vegetables and fruit and oranges by exporting  countries. , but its impact is less than that of fixed  telephone usage which has an unexpected negative influence  on banana imports. Internet usage has only a positive  effect on trade in imports of tomatoes. Internet usage in  exporting countries for fruit and vegetables are negatively  associated.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/123840},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.123840},
}