@article{Lemeilleur:123457,
      recid = {123457},
      author = {Lemeilleur, Sylvaine},
      title = {Smallholder compliance with private standard  certification: the case of GlobalGAP adoption by mango  producers in Peru},
      address = {2012-08-19},
      number = {1007-2016-79597},
      pages = {20},
      month = {Aug},
      year = {2012},
      abstract = {The prevalence of food quality standards in international  trade is constantly increasing and has a growing influence  on developing countries. A wide range of literature in  development economics has focused on the debate of whether  international standards exclude small-scale farmers from  high-value food markets. In fact, the evidence is mixed.  New debates arise on what conditions small farmers can  really comply with, pointing out both threshold capital  requirements, on the one hand, and industry structure and  institutional environment, on the other hand. Drawing on a  microeconomic approach, our paper is a contribution to the  literature exploring the patterns and determinants of  smallholders’ adoption of the food standard. We focus our  case study on GlobalGAP adoption by small-scale fresh mango  producers in Peru. Based on an analysis of primary data  collected on the Peruvian mango sector, we show empirically  that a few smallholders are engaged in GlobalGAP  certification for a maximum of 3 years. They comply with  the standard thanks to the support of exporting companies.  Exporters offer the farmers contract farming, which  includes technical advice and the annual certification  cost. Nonetheless, farmers who are integrating into this  high value-added supply chain seem to be selected on the  basis of their proximity to the exporter plant (reducing  transaction costs) and their ability to become reliable  suppliers over the long term (experienced, specialized, and  used to respecting contracts). These farms also must  demonstrate their ability to deliver with short lead times  (presence of mobile phone, distance to the plant). Finally,  the paper underlines the key role of exporters in Peru as  intermediaries and organizers in the way smallholders may  participate in private standards in agrifood value chains.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/123457},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.123457},
}