@article{Reardon:12005,
      recid = {12005},
      author = {Reardon, Thomas and Timmer, C. Peter and Berdegue, Julio  A.},
      title = {The Rapid Rise of Supermarkets in Developing Countries:  Induced Organizational, Institutional, and Technological  Change in Agrifood Systems},
      journal = {eJADE: electronic Journal of Agricultural and Development  Economics},
      address = {2004},
      number = {853-2016-56108},
      pages = {16},
      year = {2004},
      abstract = {There has been extremely rapid transformation of the food  retail sector in developing regions in the past 5 to 10  years, accompanied by a further consolidation and  multi-nationalization of the supermarket sector itself.  This organizational change, accompanied by intense  competition, has driven changes in the organization of  procurement systems of supermarket chains, toward  centralized and regionalized systems, use of  specialized/dedicated wholesalers and preferred supplier  systems, and demanding, private quality standards. These  changes in the system have in turn determined the very  recent rise of the use of contracts between supermarkets  and agrifood producers in these regions to cover provision  of services and provision for risk management, as well as  requirements for demanding quality and safety attributes,  which require substantial investment in technological  change and upgrading at the producer level. This paper  presents a brief discussion of these trends, followed by a  conceptual framework to explain this phenomenon,  illustrated with empirical evidence drawn mainly from Latin  America.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/12005},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.12005},
}