@article{Gay:113785,
      recid = {113785},
      author = {Gay, Stephan Hubertus and Mellado, Aida Gonzalez and  M'Barek, Robert},
      title = {Assessment of non-tariff measures for selected agri-food  exports from Africa to the European Union},
      address = {2010-09},
      number = {308-2016-4995},
      pages = {15},
      year = {2010},
      abstract = {Non-tariff measures (NTMs) gain in importance in view of  tariff reductions, by multilateral and bilateral  agreements. African agri-food exports have benefited from  considerable tariff reduction by the European Union (EU),  but the share in EU imports has not risen. This paper  describes possible methodologies to assess NTMs and an  exporter survey conducted in 2009 in five African  countries: Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa and  Uganda. 95 respondents graded 35 NTMs in five categories.  The results have been rather positive in general terms but  specific issues like transportation, EU procedures and SPS  measures have been regarded as considerably hampering  trade. On the other hand, there has been also the  mentioning of the positive effect of SPS standards. The  country specific assessment of the answers showed that  exporters in South Africa and Morocco are more concerned by  NTMs.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/113785},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.113785},
}