@article{Siegle:11196,
      recid = {11196},
      author = {Siegle, Joe},
      title = {BOTSWANA'S APPROACH TO DROUGHT:  HOW DISASTER RELIEF CAN  BE DEVELOPMENTAL},
      address = {1990},
      number = {1097-2016-88629},
      series = {Graduate Research Master's Degree Plan B Papers},
      pages = {109},
      year = {1990},
      abstract = {Integrating disaster relief and development is not a new  concept. Addressing underlying problems that have made a  society susceptible to disaster have their origins dating  back to the Indian Famine Relief Codes of the 1860's.  Today, this is a popular notion among many people involved  with emergency response. Still, there are relatively few  instances where disaster relief has emphasized both long  and short term needs - cases from which other countries and  international organizations can learn. The problem of not  having a successful example from which to model relief  responses has often been cited as creating a serious  barrier to implementing successful relief-development  responses during recent famines (Cutler and Stephenson,  RDI, Garvelink). The need for an African success story  during drought to be used as a model is particularly acute  given the vast human and material losses caused by famine  on that continent up to the present time. This paper will  attempt to address this need by examining the developmental  gains achieved by Botswana in the course of meeting the  emergency needs caused by the 1981-1986 drought. This  paper, therefore, represents a case study of a successful  drought relief program, focusing on Botswana, supplemented  with historical information and some assessments on how  disaster relief can be better linked to development.

While  this paper will concentrate on famine, many of the same  principles making an emergency intervention developmental  apply as well to disasters in general. For this reason, the  first section of this paper will explore the  interrelationship between disasters and development,  including a critique of the approach countries have  conventionally taken to respond to disaster. Next, the  conceptual logic for linking disaster relief to development  will be reviewed. This section concludes with factors that  can be used to measure the effectiveness of an emergency  program. With this background in place, the case of  Botswana will be examined. The evolution and present  institutional structure of Botswana's Drought Relief  Programme will be described, followed by an evaluation,  using the factors outlined earlier, measuring the extent to  which the 1981-1986 drought relief effort was  developmental. The paper ends with a brief review of the  key elements of the Botswana model.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/11196},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.11196},
}