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Abstract
In spite of the fact that the Ugandan National Agricultural Research System has developed and
released several production-enhancing technologies over a century, yields of most major crops at the
farm level have been low. Given that about 80 percent of Uganda’s labor force is employed in
agriculture, the scope for sustainable poverty reduction in Uganda depends very much on improving
agricultural productivity. It is in this context, this paper examines why there has been poor adoption of
production-enhancing technologies in the production of maize, which is a major crop in Uganda and
what the impacts of the exiting production environment are on factor payments. This study reveals that
farmers do not pay proper attention to soil fertility management, which acts as a major constraint to
increase yields. The analysis also indicates the need for vibrant rental market for land to provide
access to landless tenants who are found to be the economically efficient.