@article{Hersh:10792,
      recid = {10792},
      author = {Hersh, Robert},
      title = {A Review of Integrated Pollution Control Efforts in  Selected Countries},
      address = {1996},
      number = {1318-2016-103079},
      series = {Discussion Paper 97-15},
      pages = {58},
      year = {1996},
      abstract = {This report describes the reasons why integrated pollution  control (IPC) became accepted as a necessary part of the  environmental regulatory systems of the Netherlands, the  United Kingdom, and Sweden and examines the experience  these countries have had with unified environmental  statutes, alternative compliance approaches, cross-media  permitting, and other aspects of IPC that are under  consideration in this country. The report is organized into  five sections. In the first section we provide a brief  overview of the intellectual pedigree of integrated  pollution control, and discuss arguments that have been put  forward by advocates of IPC as well as the  counter-arguments of those who have taken a more skeptical  view of the technical and political feasibility of  implementing IPC measures. Section two details how the  United Kingdom, long considered the dirty man of Europe, is  developing an integrated system of industrial pollution  control based on its 1990 Environmental Protection Act. The  Act introduced new controls to limit and prevent pollution  from a wide range of industries and has created a unified  pollution inspectorate to ensure that the best practical  environmental option (BPEO) for all media is achieved. We  consider both the progress the UK Environmental Agency has  made in IPC as well as the barriers it has encountered. In  section three, we examine how the Dutch Environmental  Ministry (VROM) was able to forge a consensus among diverse  groups for the need to embrace innovative, integrated  policies and then examine in detail the Dutch experience  with alternative compliance efforts, notably their covenant  system. The long-standing success of Sweden's industrial  permitting system is analyzed in section 4 and in the fifth  and final section we consider the development and  implications of the European Union's recently adopted  Directive on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control, a  document which is likely to have a profound influence on  environmental management in Europe and elsewhere.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/10792},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.10792},
}