@article{Goetz:10095,
      recid = {10095},
      author = {Goetz, Linde and Grethe, Harald},
      title = {How effective is the EU's import regime for oranges?},
      address = {2006},
      number = {736-2016-50849},
      series = {Seminar Paper},
      pages = {16},
      year = {2006},
      abstract = {EU imports of oranges are restricted not only by ad  valorem tariffs but also by the
entry price system  establishing a minimum import price. In addition, the EU  applies a
comprehensive system of trade preferences. The  hypothesis of this paper is that, in contrast to
its  complexity, the effectiveness of the EU import system for  oranges is low with respect to its
goals, i.e. protecting  EU producers and creating imports from preference receiving  countries.
The comparison of import prices for oranges from  extra-EU countries with the EU entry price
shows that the  former are about 40% higher than the latter on average.  Also, it is pointed out
that at least 72% of extra-EU  orange imports during the EU harvest season enter the  EU
tariff free. As a conclusion, the contribution of the  import regime to the protection of EU
producers is  low.
Concordantly, the preferential entry price is not  utilized by orange preference receiving
countries. Besides,  although orange quotas increased from 1991 to 2003, actual  exports from
Mediterranean countries and thus quota filling  rates have decreased over the same period. It
is shown that  EU trade preferences for oranges were not decisive for the  development of
Mediterranean countries' orange exports to  the EU. In the light of the low effectiveness of the
entry  price system for oranges along with high transaction costs  involved, its abolishment
should be considered. Yet,  results cannot be generalized, even not for citrus fruit,  as is
demonstrated for mandarins.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/10095},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.10095},
}