Working Papers

Given the urgency and the magnitude of emission cuts required to arrest the global temperature rise at an acceptable level (like 2 degrees Celsius), it is imperative that [...]

This paper documents an energy ladder that nations ascend as their per capita incomes increase. On average, economic development results in an overall substitution from t [...]

Developed countries have pledged to mobilise $100 billion per year by 2020 for climate change action in developing countries. Progress on financing is necessary to ensure [...]

China’s capital-intensive, export-oriented, spectacular economic growth since launching its open-door policy and economic reforms in late 1978 not only has created jobs [...]

Climate projections suggest increased inundation and erosion of beachfront property on the east coast of Australia over the coming century. Protective measures and accomm [...]

The impact of international carbon control measures – and the absence of such measures – on Australian carbon pricing policies are analyzed both at a theoretical and empi [...]

Countries with low marginal costs of abating carbon emissions may have high total costs, and vice versa, for a given climate mitigation policy. This may help to explain d [...]

Private equity investment in technologies which deliver low carbon energy has grown as an area of both economic and social performance. This article offers a perspective [...]

In common with other archipelagic countries, Indonesia is vulnerable to such impacts of climate change as prolonged droughts, increased frequency in extreme weather event [...]

Indonesia is among the largest 25 carbon dioxide emitting countries when considering only fossil fuels, and among the top three or five when emissions due to deforestatio [...]