Discussion Papers

Most households in rural Africa are involved in smallholder farming, but off-farm employment is an important additional income source for many. Previous research has anal [...]

Competition for land is a key challenge for decarbonized energy transitions. Open-space solar energy farms are gaining in importance but have large land requirements and [...]

Following Sen’s (1973) characterization of the Gini coefficient as a ratio between a measure of aggregate income-based stress (“depression” in Sen’s terminology) and aggr [...]

Many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are experiencing a nutrition transition from traditional diets to high-energy, processed foods, increasing non-communicable [...]

We analyze the relationship between household electricity access and off-farm employment of women and men in rural Africa, using primary survey data from Kenya, Namibia, [...]

Whilst migration to urban areas is often understood through higher wage opportunities, it is not well understood why many rural poor often prefer rural destinations, part [...]

Rice-aquaculture is promoted in many countries as a system that could simultaneously improve land and water productivity and household diets and nutrition. However, studi [...]

This paper analyzes the current uptake of small-scale irrigation (SSI1), its profitability, and the constraints to its broader adoption in the Sahel using literature and [...]

Strategies for sustainable intensification of livestock are becoming increasingly important in designing interventions to develop the sector. In dairying systems, herd he [...]