Cassava production in Benin is still characterized by low productivity compared to those of sub regional countries. Improved cassava varieties have been then developed. They have been promised to raise the productivity and thereby the income of farmers. This study examines the relationship between agricultural technology adoption and productivity improvement with focusing on high yield cassava varieties. The data used were collected from 267 randomly selected cassava producers in Benin. The paper uses the counterfactual outcomes framework of modern evaluation theory to estimate the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) of high yield cassava varieties adoption on farm-level average yield. Results indicate that the adoption of high yield cassava varieties farm-level average yield.