Based on the introduction of factors affecting the income level of farmers in China, a total of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipality cities are taken as samples to select 13 factors affecting the income level of farmers, which are arable land area (X1), disaster area (X2), effective irrigation area (X3), fertilizer application (X4), mobile phone (X5), personal computer (X6), people joining in the new rural cooperative medical care (X7), rural investment (X8), household-use machine (X9), agricultural product price (X10), proportion of labor force with above junior high school education (X11), rural delivery route (X12), and rural electricity consumption (X13). At the same time, factor analysis method is used to analyze the factors affecting the income level of farmers. Result shows that common factors affecting the income of farmers are the agricultural production factor F1, the expanded reproduction factor F2, the information use factor F3, and the output reduction factor F4. At present, education degree of farmers and ability of farmers in grasping information have relatively great impact on the income of farmers, and can effectively promote the income growth of farmers. Scores of F1 in Henan, Shandong and Hebei are generally higher; Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Shandong Provinces have relatively high score of F2; Shanghai, Beijing and Guangdong have relatively high scores of F3; and Hunan, Hubei and Xinjiang have relatively high score of F4. Finally, countermeasures are put forward to improve the income of farmers based on empirical study.