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Abstract
The stringent GMO policy of the EU adversely affects the competitiveness of the member states’
livestock industries, in particular the poultry and pig sectors. This arises from the fact that the EU animal
industry is highly dependent on the import of feedstuffs sourced from pro-GMO countries. The import is
expected to face increasing difficulties especially due to two elements of the EU GMO policy: the prolonged
approval process of new GM varieties and the zero tolerance threshold towards GMOs that have not yet
received authorization. To overcome this problem the study recommends actions including the speeding up of
the authorization process and the introduction of a tolerance level for unapproved GMOs.