Since the Kyoto Protocol came into effect in 2005, more attention has been paid to the development of biomass resource use. The tropical Asian countries have large potential for biomass production. In order to reduce imported fuel, the Government of Indonesia is attempting to find alternative renewable energy, particularly in the form of biofuel. The report presents the prospects for biofuel projects and the possible impacts on rural society based on a case study of bioethanol production from cassava. In this study, East Lampung and North Lampung districts have been chosen for case study