In today’s world, rural areas are confronted with a spectrum of changes. These changes have multiple characters, varying from changes in ecosystem conditions to socioeconomic impacts, such as food- and financial crises. They present serious problems to rural management and largely affect future perspectives of rural areas. Rural resilience refers to the capacity of a rural region to adapt to changing external circumstances in such a way that a satisfactory standard of living is maintained, while coping with its inherent ecological, economic and social vulnerability. Rural resilience describes how rural areas are affected by external shocks and how it influences system dynamics. This paper further eradicates on this concept, by exploring in detail what the importance is of resilience theory within rural areas. An answer is tried to be given to the question how to detect resilience in rural areas, by reviewing the existing literature and to the question how to enhance resilient rural development. Finally questions are formulated for further research within the field of rural resilience.