Despite the challenges in coffee marketing and production, coffee remains one of Rwanda’s most important official sources of foreign exchange. Because its goods must transit difficult overland routes through other countries to reach port, Rwanda does not have natural advantages for many forms of export. The fact that the coffee sector survives at all in the face of numerous unfavorable conditions is a weighty testament to its potential. This report shows that the sector appears to be at a turning point—significant numbers of farmers have moved away from coffee with more seemingly on the cusp of removing more trees, or “decaffeinating” their fields.