This flash edition presents the results of a survey on cotton sub sector carried out in Nampula province between November and December of 2000. Specifically, it provides some information on actual cotton profitability to farmers and suggests some actions for the improvement of the actual situation. The main finding is that the problems in cotton sub sector in Mozambique are systematic and long-term. They are related to low productivity, low quality and weak institutional development. In addition, the continuous reduction of international prices in the last five years has made these problems severe. The only solution for these problems in Mozambique and other cotton producing countries is the increase of productivity and quality of cotton.