This study analyzes returns to investments in Niger's research and technology transfer system for millet, sorghum, and cowpea between 1975 and 1991. Sixty-eight percent of the country's public-sector outlays for agricultural research and 58% of its agricultural researchers were devoted to research on these three crops between 1986 and 1990. Most of this research was done by INRAN, the national agricultural research institute of Niger (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger).