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Abstract
Organizations nowadays no longer compete as independent entities, but as chains (Christopher, 1998; Cox, 1999; Lambert and Cooper,
2000). Hence, being part of a well-performing chain is crucial for the future of the individual food firm, especially in the context of the globalizing
economy. As a result, the objective of this study is to identify performance imbalances of traditional food chains. Therefore, quantitative data were
collected via individual interviews with 271 chain members (91 suppliers, 91 focal companies and 89 customers) of 91 traditional food chains from
three European countries (Belgium, Italy and Hungary), representing six different traditional food product categories (cheese, beer, ham, sausage,
white pepper and bakery). The results differentiate six different kinds of chain imbalances, namely: dyadic upper and lower, up- and downstream,
internal and external indicate both dyadic and chain-wise imbalance. Most chain imbalances are noticed in relation to lowering logistic costs and
to reducing lead time. Future research should extend the list of performance indicators with parameters other than economical ones such as
ecological and social ones.