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Abstract
Building on ongoing research, this paper aims at suggesting alternative ways to
conventional IPR systems to promote local varieties and related knowledge in developing
countries. Many attempts to protect genetic diversity and local knowledge through IPR are in
jeopardy because of misunderstanding on the terms of the debate and misrepresentation of
the claims and interests of the various stakeholders.
The paper then suggests that to improve rural livelihood conditions and promote
genetic diversity conservation, it would be more efficient and satisfactory for the parties
involved to build on local perceptions of foodstuff production and associated knowledge. It is
easier and more feasible to stress the importance of a given know-how in the processing of
products from genetically diversified or highly specific resources, than to isolate indigenous
or local contributions in the conservation of genetic resources. This simplifies the
remuneration issue and reinforces the legitimacy of local claims.
Finally the paper discusses the feasibility, expected advantages and drawbacks of an
adaptation of the French system of Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC) — a type of
geographical indication of origin — for developing countries.