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Abstract
In the Philippines, about 38 per cent of the population resides in rural areas where
poverty remains a significant problem. In 2006, 47 per cent of all households in Bohol
Province fell below the national poverty line, with the percentage even higher in upland
communities. These households often exist in marginal landscapes that are under
significant pressure from ongoing resource degradation and rising input costs. This
paper first explores whether the adoption of Landcare practices in a highly degraded
landscape has resulted in improved livelihood outcomes for upland farming families in
Bohol. Second, it analyses the potential for the piecemeal adoption of these measures to
deliver tangible benefits at the watershed scale. Finally, using a BCA approach, these
outcomes are compared to the costs of the research and extension projects that have
helped achieve them.