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Abstract
The evolution of the federated relationship between local and regional cooperatives is
examined from the perspective of local cooperatives’ need for commodity-based farm
supplies and regional cooperatives’ identity as food companies. Because locals want
many competing bids for the supplies they purchase, they resist a strong and close
affiliation with regional cooperatives, which then find themselves with excess capacity.
Regionals have responded by instituting tighter bonds with selected local cooperatives
operating as "internal supply networks," in exchange for certain benefits. This adaptation
reduces the impact of divergent goals among regionals and locals within the federated
system.