In the context of climate change, land institutions may adapt to shifts in land market dynamics to ensure efficient resource allocation and support adaptation and mitigation initiatives. However, the intricate relationship between climate change and land markets is complex and not fully understood. Focusing on metropolitan France, this study aims to present a comprehensive perspective on the interactions between climate change and land markets. Examining data from a review of public documents, a survey of French land market institutions, and additional interviews through the lens of the climate change-land conditions-land markets nexus, the results highlight diverse impacts of climate change and varying land conditions across regions. Local adaptation and mitigation measures, such as introducing new crops, diversifying agricultural activities, and implementing energy production initiatives, are observed. Concurrently, there is evidence of a diversified set of participants in land markets and a trend toward the concentration of property rights. Changes in the determinants of prices, with a growing emphasis on water access and market competition, are also noted. Consequently, this study offers a comprehensive view of the interconnected dynamics between climate change and land markets in France. Additionally, it advocates for a deeper exploration of underlying mechanisms to identify potential pathways for the adaptation of land institutions.