Agriculture in South Dakota has changed greatly in the second half of the 20th century and many more changes will occur in the next 20 to 50 years of the 21st century. This report examines and explains key changes in the organization and structure of South Dakota's farm sector, provides a contemporary profile of farm business and household characteristics, and suggests where structural changes may lead in the future. The major topics range from changes in farm numbers and physical farm size to changes in land tenure and ownership to farm enterprise specialization. The report also highlights the increase in income and changing employment patterns among farm households.