Russia and China occupy a vast area of Earth’s land-based land. For centuries, the vast expanses of these countries have been unexplored in the fact that in the XX century, these two ginns were more seriously explored and the rivers link their distant territories with the capitals. The creator of the first international treaty between Russia and China (the 1728 coalition agreement) was a Serb, Russian count, Sava Vladislavic. It was the beginning of the construction of political and economic relations between Russia and China. During the three centuries of the existence of international cooperation between these two countries, there have been rising and falling as well as stagnation. In the Russian-Japanese War at the beginning of the XX century, Russia struggled to protect its influence in the Far East and prevent Japanese penetration into the significant Chinese province of Manchuria. Similarly, it was repeated in the Second World War when the Russians (the USSR) expelled the Japanese from Manchuria. The worst relations occur at the time of the communist development of both countries. At the end of the XX century, after the fall of communism in the USSR and the reforming of China into a market economy, the strategic partnership of the two countries, which is still taking place on both sides, has begun. We can say that this is a good example of a natural ally, where the two countries have a match of strategic interests.