In this paper is considered the Republic of Adygea, one of the smallest federal subjects of the huge and complexly organized Russian Federation. Here is presented a concise history of building of the republic, as its today’s natural characteristics: geographic position, area size and population, relief, climate and water, and natural resources and economy. Especially is emphasized the attractiveness of its touristic destinations and cultural heritage, as conditions for tourism development. Specific possibilities for cultural cooperation between Serbia and Adygea provides Circassian minority, who settled in Kosovo (and in other parts of Serbia) after the Crimean War, one part of which returned to the homeland.